Physical activity and mechanical loading of the skeleton are among the most powerful and most fundamental positive regulators of bone mass and bone strength throughout the human lifespan, operating through biological mechanisms that are as ancient and as essential to bone biology as the metabolic and hormonal regulation of bone remodeling with which they continuously […]
The relationship between calcium and vitamin D nutritional status and bone health represents one of the most thoroughly established and clinically consequential nutritional determinants of skeletal integrity across the human lifespan, from the calcium-dependent mineralization of bone during the childhood and adolescent years of peak bone mass accumulation through the maintenance of adult bone density […]
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by reduced bone mass and deterioration of bone microarchitecture that increases bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture, representing one of the most prevalent and most clinically consequential chronic conditions affecting the aging population worldwide. The World Health Organization estimates that osteoporosis affects approximately two hundred million people globally […]